Basic Information

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Introduction

Study of Obesity Levels Based on Lifestyle and Body Condition

BMI, the body mass index, is a value derived by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters, and is a common international measure of how fat or thin the body is and whether it is healthy.

According to the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), about 30.7% of adults in the United States are overweight, about 42.4% have obesity, and about 9.2% have severe obesity.[1] And that number is still rising today. This study will analyze what factors influence BMI, and some of the variables included in the study are the following:

  • Age

  • Length of time that staying in the US

  • Sleep time

  • Smoke

Resource:

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-statistics/overweight-obesity

https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm. Accessed April 16, 2017.

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Method

This is a cross-sectional study of survey data from the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The analysis included adults aged 18 years or older. The primary outcome of the study population was BMI, which was analyzed as a continuous variable. The study variables consisted of two main categories, one for dietary habits and one for lifestyle habits. Several covariates that I believe may influence the relationship between dietary health and BMI were considered and controlled for in the analysis, such as how many vegetables, proteins, and sugars are contained in the diet. On the other hand, I also included several factors that might affect health, such as how much exercise and whether or not one is smoking.

This dataset contains 12105 observations. Below is the glimpse of the data.

Obesity Map

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Obesity prevalence by state in the US in 2021.

2022

Change in Obesity by State

Age

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Distribution of BMI

Distribution of Age

The Relationship Between Age and BMI

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Result

Based on the data distribution of BMI we can see that the larger the value of BMI, the larger the number. This shows the largest percentage of people with a BMI above 30% - that is, suffering from obesity. It also proves once again how high the percentage of obese people is.

The data distribution according to age shows that first of all the number of people under 20 years old is the lowest. This phenomenon is reasonable because the face population of this data set is in adults over the age of 18. So the least number of people under 20 years old. Secondly, the number of people in several age groups is very similar in the 20-69 age group. This dataset plans all people over 80 as 80 and does not record the age in detail, so I divide 80 and people over 80 into a whole age group. Although two age groups are included, it can be seen that the number of people shows a gradually decreasing trend starting from 70 years old.

From the third graph, it can be seen that the proportion of people suffering from obesity is the highest among people aged 30-79, regardless of age. 18-29 years old, although the proportion of obese people is not the highest, but the proportion of overweight people and obese people together occupy half of the people in this age group.

Lifestyle

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Sleep Hours

Smoke

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In terms of the distribution of sleep duration, there is not a particularly obvious linear relationship between sleep duration and BMI. However, we can see that the length of sleep starts from 7.5 hours, and the longer the sleep time, the bmi index has a decreasing trend, we can conclude that the more sleep time above 7.5 hours, the more it helps the BMI index to decrease.

From the point of view of smoking or not, the percentage of obese people is the largest, regardless of the frequency of smoking. And regardless of the frequency of smoking, the number of obese people and overweight people add up to more than half.

Limitation

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In recent years, BMI has gone from being a measure of obesity to being linked to health risks, and the controversial and topical nature of BMI has continued to heat up, with experts commenting almost every few months that “BMI is flawed.” Indeed, there are several important factors that BMI does not take into account, and that is the relative proportions of bone, muscle and fat in the human body. The weight of a person can be affected by many factors, such as body condition, bone size, muscle weight and other factors will affect the weight, so BMI does not accurately reflect the obesity of a person.

The Hulk in the Marvel world, his $BMI = 635 / (2.43^2) = 107.53, from the numerical point of view belongs to the super fat.

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